How a Psychologist Can Help You Manage Anxiety

Did you know that anxiety disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, making them the most common mental health issue?

Everyone feels anxious from time to time, but for people with anxiety disorders, fear and worry can become overwhelming and constant. These intense feelings often come with physical tension and other symptoms that impact behaviour and thinking.

Psychologists play a crucial role in helping individuals manage their anxiety by understanding these disorders, providing effective treatments, and teaching useful coping strategies.

Understanding Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders encompass a range of conditions, each with unique characteristics:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Constant and excessive worry about everyday activities or events.

• Panic Disorder: Sudden panic attacks and a fear of persistent panic attacks.

• Social Anxiety Disorder: Intense fear and worry about social situations, fearing embarrassment, humiliation, or rejection.

• Agoraphobia: Excessive fear and avoidance of situations where one might panic or feel trapped, helpless, or embarrassed.

• Separation Anxiety Disorder: Excessive fear or worry about being away from people one is very close to.

• Specific Phobias: Strong, irrational fears of specific things or situations, leading to significant avoidance and distress.

• Selective Mutism: Consistent inability to speak in certain social situations, despite being able to speak comfortably in others.

Treatment Methods for Anxiety

Psychologists use a range of methods to treat anxiety. They will spend time getting to know your unique situation and work with you to find the best ways to improve your anxiety over several sessions. Their methods will be based on how your anxiety began, what triggers it, and how it impacts your life. Some common approaches include:

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of short-term therapy that helps people understand how their thoughts influence their feelings and actions. CBT includes a number of strategies to manage anxiety:

• Psychoeducation: Learning about anxiety and how to monitor your symptoms.

• Cognitive Restructuring: Challenging negative thoughts and developing more helpful thinking patterns.

• Problem-Solving: Talking through and tackling daily problems to build confidence and reduce anxiety.

• Exposure Therapy: Gradually facing specific fears to reduce the anxious response over time.

• Relaxation Techniques: Practices like mindfulness, meditation, or muscle relaxation to reduce anxiety.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT helps people recognize and accept their feelings instead of trying to ignore or fight them. You will learn that emotions are normal responses to life's ups and downs and that these feelings shouldn't stop you from achieving your goals. By understanding this, you can accept your struggles and commit to personal growth, finding resilience to make positive changes in your life.

Coping Mechanisms for Anxiety

Psychologists teach people different ways to cope with anxiety in their everyday lives:

Relaxation and Thinking Strategies

• Deep breathing: Taking a moment to breathe deeply can help your body relax and let go of stress. 

• Thought journaling: Writing down what makes you anxious can help you recognize patterns and triggers. 

• Positive self-talk: Speaking to yourself in a kind manner and being less critical of yourself can lift your spirits.

Lifestyle Changes

Psychologists can also assist you with making some changes in your routine to help reduce anxiety: 

• Getting regular exercise 

• Cutting back on alcohol and caffeine 

• Setting aside time for activities you enjoy 

• Improving time management

• Prioritizing sleep and creating a good sleep routine

Anxiety can be overwhelming, but with the help of a psychologist, you can learn to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Through various treatment methods, understanding different anxiety disorders, and employing effective coping mechanisms, psychologists provide valuable support to those struggling with anxiety. If you or someone you know is dealing with anxiety, seeking help from a qualified psychologist can be a crucial step toward recovery.

Don't let anxiety control your life. Reach out to our experienced psychologists at PsychWest today to start your journey toward recovery.

Are ADHD and Autism Similar?

You may have heard that up to 50-70% of people or 38% of children with autism spectrum disorder also have ADHD. It is also believed that the symptoms of autism and ADHD overlap.

While it’s true that these conditions often co-exist and can present similarly, the reasons behind the symptoms can differ depending on whether an individual has ADHD, autism, or both (often referred to as AuDHD). It is helpful to be able to distinguish between the two conditions and understand their similarities when seeking treatment.

Similarities in ADHD and Autism Presentations

Fidgeting and Stimming

In ADHD, fidgeting and squirming often result from restlessness and hyperactivity, like moving around in a seat or fiddling with objects. In autism, repetitive self-stimulatory movements (stimming) like hand-flapping or rocking help regulate sensory overload or express emotions.

Although behaviours such as tapping, pacing, and repetitive fidgeting are seen in both conditions, they often serve different purposes. AuDHDers may engage in these behaviours for a combination of reasons.

Hyperfixations and Special Interests

Hyperfocus is a symptom of ADHD involving intense concentration that is difficult to regulate, as ADHDers tend to have difficulties controlling their attention.  Special interests are long-lasting, focused interests, and autistic people may incorporate these interests into their careers, identity, or social interactions.

ADHDers might impulsively spend time and money on their hyperfixations, while autistic individuals may collect items related to their interests over years and become distressed if they can’t engage with them. Both groups often gain extensive knowledge and experience in their areas of focus or interest and enjoy sharing their passions in detail (known as info dumping).

Social Challenges

For ADHDers, social challenges include interrupting others, forgetting to text back, getting side-tracked in conversations, and being unreliable due to impulsivity and poor time management. Autistic people might struggle to understand and respond to social expectations or disagree with social norms based on personal beliefs. They may find it hard to initiate or reciprocate in conversations, sometimes dominating or remaining passive.

These symptoms can make maintaining friendships and social interactions challenging for both ADHDers and autistic individuals.

Hidden Symptoms in AuDHD

Some symptoms of ADHD and autism may cover or compensate for one another, or make them more difficult to manage due to conflicting needs. Here are a few ways ADHD and autism contradict or mask each other:

ADHD

• Disorganisation and chaos

• Desire for novelty, change, and risk taking

• Craving stimulation

• Zoning out and not paying attention or reacting to own feelings

• Not paying attention to detail

• Forgetting self-care tasks due to hyperfocus

Autism

• Routine and order

• Desire for familiarity, sameness and planning

• Overwhelm from stimulation

• Sensory sensitivities and strong reactions to sensory information

• Noticing minute details

• Not sensing hunger, thirst or toileting cues

When these two conditions compensate for each other, it can be difficult for an observer to see the challenges and it can be difficult for a person with both conditions to relate their experiences to the diagnostic criteria of each condition.

ADHD and autism can present in both similar and contradictory ways, and may present similarly for different reasons. Understanding their differences and similarities can help you find the most effective methods to manage symptoms and ask for help and accommodations.

If you relate to a number of these struggles and you would like support, the team at PsychWest can provide assessment and therapy for ADHD and autism. Book your ADHD assessment, autism assessment or an appointment for therapy today.

How Mental Health and Social Relationships Shape Each Other

Friendships and partnerships provide a foundation of support, security and solidarity.

They can also help you to explore your own beliefs, and provide an outlet to share your feelings. Whether with family, friends, or partners, the quality of your connections can significantly influence your emotional and psychological well-being. Healthy relationships provide support, reduce stress, and contribute to a sense of belonging and purpose.

How Does Mental Health Affects Relationships?

Mental health issues can profoundly impact family dynamics. Depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders may lead to withdrawal, irritability, or communication breakdowns. This can strain relationships, causing misunderstandings and conflicts. Mental health challenges often affect social interactions and friendships.

People experiencing mental illness may avoid social activities, leading to isolation and a lack of support. This withdrawal can create a vicious cycle, where loneliness exacerbates mental health issues.

Difficulties with emotional regulation can intensify challenges in relationships and people may become co-dependent on their social supports as they rely solely on them. This can cause friction in a relationship, and may push people away.

Therefore, it is important to find the balance so that one can seek support while maintaining a healthy level of independence.

When you achieve this balance, you can focus on building strong relationships and enjoying quality time with your friends.

Families and friends can support mental health by fostering open communication, showing empathy, and encouraging professional help when needed.

How to Build and Maintain Positive Relationships

Open and honest communication is the foundation of any healthy relationship. Sharing thoughts and feelings helps to build trust and understanding. Communicating boundaries helps to let others know how you would like to be treated.

Showing empathy and understanding towards others' experiences fosters deeper connections and mutual support. Empathy helps to affirm emotional responses and set a foundation for compassion.

Acting on compassion demonstrates that you care for someone and have their back. Genuinely offering support and being open to working together strengthens relationships and fosters a sense of solidarity.

Respecting each other’s boundaries is crucial for maintaining a healthy relationship. It ensures that both parties feel safe and respected. While building trust and security, it allows people to embrace their individual needs.

Being Your Own Friend: The Role of Self-Compassion in Mental Health

While positive relationships with others are vital, the relationship you have with yourself is equally important. Being your own friend means practicing self-compassion, which involves treating yourself with the same kindness and understanding that you would offer a close friend.

Self-compassion promotes emotional resilience and provides a basis from which you can understand your boundaries and communication needs. By recognising your own worth and accepting your imperfections, you can better manage stress and enhance your overall mental health.

Cultivating self-compassion not only improves your relationship with yourself but also sets the foundation for healthier interactions with others.

Putting It All Together

Positive relationships are essential for good mental health, providing support, reducing stress, and contributing to overall well-being.

Family dynamics and friendships can be significantly impacted by mental health issues, leading to conflict, while social life can suffer from isolation. However, healthy relationships characterized by trust, respect, and communication lead to better mental health outcomes.

Equally important is the relationship with oneself. Practicing self-compassion allows you to be gentle with yourself and extend that grace to others.

By nurturing relationships with family, friends, partners, and yourself, you create a supportive environment that promotes mental health and resilience, enhancing your overall quality of life.

If you struggle with establishing and maintaining boundaries, reaching out socially, or showing yourself compassion, therapists at PsychWest can work with you through these challenges. Book with us today.

Navigating Relationships with ADHD: A Guide for Parents, Partners and Friends

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can significantly affect relationships of all kinds.

ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can challenge everyday interactions. Understanding these dynamics can assist friends, partners and family members in developing stronger, more harmonious relationships with those who have ADHD. This blog offers insights into how ADHD impacts relationships and offers practical tips to improve communication and understanding.

How Does ADHD Affect Relationships?

Being close to someone with ADHD comes with unique challenges that can impact the dynamics of a relationship. Recognizing and addressing these challenges is essential for effectively navigating them. Some common issues that may arise include:

• Inconsistency & Unpredictability (cancelling plans, difficulty with routines)

• Disorganisation & Clutter (misplacing important items, having untidy spaces)

• Difficulty Managing Time (underestimating the length of tasks, chronic lateness)

• Impulsivity & Risk-Taking (spontaneous decision making, not considering consequences)

• Communication Challenges (struggling to pay attention in conversation, interrupting)

• Emotional Regulation Issues (mood swings, strong sensitivity to perceived rejection)

Understanding these challenges is the first step in addressing them. By fostering open communication and empathy, setting clear boundaries, and providing both structure and adaptability, you can navigate the complexities of living with someone with ADHD more effectively.

Tips for Improving Relationships Impacted by ADHD

For Friends

Practice Patience and Understanding: Recognize that your friend may have challenges with memory, time management and organisation. Be gracious when your friends make mistakes, while ensuring that you maintain your personal boundaries of how you would like to be treated.

Encourage Structure and Accountability: Encourage your friend to create reminders or set alarms for important events. Body doubling (separately working on tasks in a shared space) can also be beneficial.

For Partners

Open Communication: Make it a habit to discuss each other’s needs and expectations. Encourage your partner to share how ADHD affects them and work together to find solutions.

Seek Professional Help: Couples therapy, particularly with a therapist experienced in ADHD, can be beneficial. It provides a neutral space to address issues and learn effective communication strategies.

For Parents/Guardians

Balance structure and spontaneity: Collaborate to establish routines and schedules while providing ample opportunities for novel experiences in your child's free-time.

Demonstrate patience and acceptance: Understand that your child with ADHD is doing their best and is not trying to upset you. Children may require written or drawn instructions rather than relying solely on verbal instructions.

The Benefits of Knowing Someone with ADHD

While ADHD is a disability that comes with a number of challenges, it is important to recognize the unique strengths and qualities that your friends and family with ADHD can contribute to relationships. Here are a few examples of these strengths:

Creativity and Innovation: Many individuals with ADHD have a creative approach to problem-solving and think outside the box. This innovative perspective can lead to novel ideas, whether in work, hobbies or social activities.

Sense of Humour: The playful and spontaneous nature of ADHD can contribute to a great sense of humour. People with ADHD often use humour to lighten the mood and bring joy to those around them.

High Energy and Enthusiasm: People with ADHD often have an abundance of energy, which can make them exciting and enjoyable to be around. They bring a sense of vitality and can motivate those around them to be more active and engaged.

Curiosity and a Thirst for Knowledge: ADHD is often associated with a high degree of curiosity. People with ADHD may have diverse interests and a drive to learn, which can lead to fascinating conversations and a shared enthusiasm for exploring new topics.

Willingness to Take Risks: While risk-taking can sometimes lead to challenges, it also means that people with ADHD are often willing to try new things and embrace adventure. This trait can lead to exciting experiences and growth opportunities for those around them.

Recognising both the benefits and challenges helps to create a balanced view of ADHD, reminding us that while challenges exist, the positive traits and unique contributions of those with ADHD can significantly enrich our lives.

If you are seeking support from an experienced Perth psychologist who understands the intricacies of ADHD, Psychwest is here to help. Contact us today about booking your appointment.

Dealing with Family Problems

Family connection is important for the development of identity and security and ideally it can provide a sense of belonging, support and love. However, within the intricate network of family relationships, conflicts and issues can arise, testing the strength and durability of these bonds. From disagreements over finances to feeling unsupported with major life decisions, every family has its challenges.

In this blog, we delve deeply into the layers of family issues and conflicts, exploring their impact on individuals and the family unit as a whole and discuss how therapists can facilitate conflict resolution.

Common Family Issues and Conflicts

Families can face a range of conflicts, stemming from a variety of situations and causing a myriad of tensions within the family unit.

• Financial stress can lead to debates over spending habits and priorities, intensifying anxieties about the stability of living conditions for everyone involved.

• While sibling rivalry is a common occurrence, it can escalate into serious contention as siblings vie for affection, attention, and resources within the family unit.

• Separation or divorce can exacerbate feelings of abandonment or rejection, often leading to division within the family, particularly when navigating complex custody arrangements.

• Disagreements in parenting styles or approaches may strain relationships between family members.

• Some individuals may face stigmatization of their mental illness or neurodevelopmental conditions when discussing it with their family, which can hinder access to treatment.

• Conflict may emerge from incongruence between an individual's choices or identity and the expectations or beliefs held by the family.

• Crucially, communication breakdowns fuel issues such as feeling invalidated or unheard, impeding the expression of needs.

• Some families grapple with establishing and maintaining personal boundaries, further complicating family dynamics.

How Can Therapists Help?

Therapists can help families by using a wide range of evidence-based approaches to navigate and resolve conflicts by facilitating open communication and constructive dialogue. This allows therapists to offer guidance and their interpretation of underlying issues.

Ultimately, they aim to help family members identify and understand their emotions, attitudes and behavioural patterns, empowering them to develop healthier processes and communication skills.

Seeking professional help is crucial as therapists bring expertise, neutrality and an external perspective to the therapeutic process, allowing families to explore sensitive topics without fear of judgment or bias. Additionally, therapists can offer insights and strategies tailored to each family's unique circumstances, helping them to break free from destructive patterns and build stronger, more resilient relationships.

What Does Family Therapy Look Like?

In a family therapy session, the therapist creates a safe space for open communication among family members. They facilitate discussions, mediate conflicts and encourage families to conceptualise alternative ways to navigate conflict. The therapist guides family members in understanding each other’s perspectives to resolve disagreements constructively. Ultimately, the therapist assists the family in developing better communication patterns, fostering stronger relationships and breaking cycles that hinder connection.

Finding the Right Therapist

When seeking support for family conflicts, it is important to find a therapist who is experienced in family therapy and has knowledge surrounding your area of conflict. Finding a comfortable and supportive therapist who understands your family dynamics is essential. Take the time to research different therapists in your area, considering their background and approaches to find the right fit for your family.

While family issues and conflicts are a natural part of the human experience, they don’t have to define your relationships. Seeking professional help from therapists who are skilled  in family therapy can be instrumental in navigating and resolving these challenges. Whether it’s communication problems, parenting disagreements, or financial stress, therapists offer valuable insights, guidance, and support to help families work towards healthier relationships.

Our experienced therapists at PsychWest are dedicated to helping families heal and thrive. With the right support, you can move towards greater understanding, connection, and harmony within your family. Reach out today to start your journey.

How Anxiety Impacts Relationships

Anxiety is more than just a personal struggle; it can significantly influence the way one perceives, builds and maintains social connections. Whether the relationship is familial, romantic or platonic, anxiety can add many challenges to relationships.

Social Anxiety in Relationships

Many people who experience social anxiety struggle to initiate social interactions and form relationships. It can be hard to know how to act around unfamiliar people, which may lead some individuals to avoid social gatherings or to feel uncomfortable while participating. Anxiety can also heighten sensitivity to judgement and rejection by others, further decreasing confidence and leading one to engage in behaviours that reinforce their fears. For example, an individual with social anxiety might make a first impression of being aloof or disinterested, leading others to distance themselves. This misunderstanding reinforces the anxious individual's belief that others are avoiding them, increasing feelings of isolation and loneliness.

Separation Anxiety in Relationships

Separation anxiety isn't just for children; adults can also struggle with intense anxiety when faced with separation from loved ones. In children, separation anxiety often presents when the anxious individual refuses school or sleepovers with friends, and both children and adults with separation anxiety often excessively worry about the well-being of family members.  Adults may appear overprotective and reluctant to give space to their loved ones who need time alone. While familial bonds are often strong, the constant need for reassurance and proximity can create tension and a barrier to independence.

Anxious Attachment in Relationships

Anxious attachment style, characterized by a fear of abandonment and a constant need for reassurance, can overshadow romantic and platonic friendships. When individuals exhibit clingy behaviour, constantly seeking validation and attention from their friends or partners this may strain the relationship and cause loved ones to feel suffocated. For both parties, this can decrease the satisfaction that comes with spending time with each other. While socialising, the anxious individual may be unable to focus and be present in the interaction and the other individual may have difficulty asserting their personal boundaries relating to space due to negative past experiences with the anxious individual.

How to Manage Anxiety

While anxiety can undoubtedly present challenges in relationships, it's essential to remember that it doesn't have to be in control. Open communication, empathy and understanding can help to navigate the complexities that anxiety brings to the table. Encouraging therapy or seeking support from mental health professionals can also provide individuals with the tools they need to manage their anxiety and cultivate healthier, more fulfilling relationships. One may also wish to engage more in their passions and hobbies to occupy their time and give them something to share with the people around them.

Anxiety is strong emotion that has the power to influence relationships. By acknowledging its presence and taking proactive steps to address it, individuals can work towards fostering stronger, more resilient connections with their romantic partners, family members, and friends.

If you’re struggling with anxiety and are seeking support, get in touch with our experienced Perth psychologists today.

Adult Autism Assessments: What to Expect

If you or a loved one is considering an autism assessment for an autism diagnosis but feeling overwhelmed about where to start, this guide is here to provide clarity on the process and what you can anticipate.

Autism Assessment & Diagnosis Process for Adults

Clinical History/Interview

The assessment process usually begins with some exploration of your background, encompassing health, development and significant events. Assessors will inquire about your primary symptoms of concern during this phase.

Formal Assessment

Following the background examination, the assessor conducts a thorough assessment to delve deeper into your symptoms. Two commonly used assessments are the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition) and the MIGDAS-2 (Monteiro Interview Guidelines for Diagnosing Asperger’s Syndrome).

The ADOS-2 is a practical assessment that provides a controlled environment for an assessor to observe symptoms of Autism and can be particularly valuable for those uncertain about how their symptoms impact them.

The MIGDAS-2 is a flexible semi-structured interview, which is preferable for those well-acquainted with their symptoms.

At PsychWest, we currently use the ADOS-2 for both child and adult assessments.

After the main assessment, your assessor may screen for additional conditions that could influence your symptoms, such as ADHD, CPTSD (complex post-traumatic stress disorder), or mood disorders.

References

Assessors often seek input from family, partners or close friends to gather observations. References can be provided in person using the ADI-R or a semi-structured interview, over the phone or in written form. School reports can serve as supplementary information for adults.

Report and Feedback

After gathering information, your assessor should compile this into a report and provide a feedback session.  This session aims to address next steps, potential funding options, and answer any questions you may have.

Who can diagnose autism?

Psychologists or psychiatrists who have had relevant training and experience with autism can diagnose and provide support through the assessment process. If you are seeking assessment, ensure that you let the practice know so that they can direct you to the correct practitioner and you can start the assessment process right away.

It is recommended that you research the assessment processes of available practitioners to make an informed decision. PsychWest is currently accepting appointments for autism assessments and combined autism/ADHD assessments.

What should I do now?

Given the typical waiting lists for autism assessments, take this time for reflection. Whether awaiting an assessment date or contemplating the need for assessment, consider how autism might explain your history and current symptoms.

Embarking on an autism assessment journey can be daunting, but understanding the process and being informed about available resources will help you navigate this important step toward understanding and support.

Start the process today by contacting PsychWest here.

Breaking the Silence: Men’s Mental Health

In recent years, the importance of mental health is gaining widespread recognition. However, many men are hesitant to talk about mental well-being. This reluctance is deeply rooted in societal expectations, gender norms, and the healthcare system.

Which issues are overlooked in men's health?

Men often battle loneliness, stress, depression, anxiety, substance abuse and body image concerns, without reaching out for help.

Loneliness can be a major problem, worsened by the reluctance to express feelings openly. Stress, often stemming from societal and workplace pressures, is endured silently, as seeking support may be perceived as a sign of incapacity. Men struggling with depression may internalize their struggles, masking emotional distress with a facade of stoicism. Anxiety is another frequently dismissed concern, as men may feel societal pressure to appear in control and unshaken. Substance abuse often becomes a coping mechanism for unaddressed mental health issues, flying under the radar of acknowledgment. Additionally, body image concerns and eating disorders are underestimated in men, as men are provided different standards of health that prevent them from recognising what constitutes an eating disorder.

Recognizing and addressing these overlooked mental health issues in men is crucial for fostering a more inclusive and understanding approach to mental well-being.

Why are men's mental health issues overlooked?

Societal expectations in patriarchal cultures have been known to push the idea that men should be stoic, resilient and unemotional. This view on masculinity discourages men from expressing their emotions and also strengthens the stigma around seeking help for mental health issues. The fear of being perceived as weak or vulnerable often prevents men from opening up about their struggles.

Traditional gender norms also contribute to the problem. Fostering a culture that associates mental health discussions with weakness causes men to believe that seeking help for emotional challenges goes against masculinity. This creates a barrier to acknowledging and addressing mental health concerns.

The existing healthcare systems also play a role in perpetuating this issue. Mental health services are often stigmatized or difficult to access, leading many men to avoid seeking help. A lack of programs to educate men about mental health further creates a further barrier to men accessing mental health support.

What can we do about men’s mental health?

It is crucial to redefine masculinity and challenge the stereotypes that discourage men from prioritizing their mental health. Healthcare systems must actively work to become more inclusive and understanding of men’s mental health needs. This includes destigmatizing mental health services and encouraging openness and vulnerability. Promoting open conversations about mental health is key to breaking down barriers.

Men need safe spaces where they can share their experiences without fear of judgment. Creating space within their community, workplace, with their friends, and at home can contribute to improving men's mental health.

Where do we go from here?

Men hide mental health issues behind a tough exterior because of societal pressures and the influence of the patriarchy. It can be hard to admit vulnerability and ask for help when they are taught to focus on dominance and control. Due to this, substance abuse becomes a silent coping mechanism for untreated mental illness. Breaking this cycle involves breaking down rigid gender norms, fostering open conversations and creating spaces where men can be vulnerable without feeling weak. By challenging these structures, we can hope to make sure that men's mental health is not ignored.

If you are a man struggling with your mental health, our clinicians at Psychwest are here to support. Contact us today.

You can also visit the links below to access more resources on men's mental health:

Mensline: https://mensline.org.au

Men’s Shed: https://mensshed.org

Gender Diversity and the Trans Experience: Why are Trans Perspectives Important?

If you are seeking help as a parent or friend of a gender diverse (transgender or gender non-conforming (GNC)) person, it is important to understand the concept of gender diversity and to be guided by the experience of trans and GNC individuals. 

What is Gender Diversity?

Gender diversity is an umbrella term that describes the variety of gender identities. Gender diversity goes beyond the simple categories of 'man' and 'woman’ and works against the assumption that it is abnormal to cross over the culturally constructed boundaries that define and contain gender. Trans and GNC people reject the notion that your presumed sex at birth should have to dictate your gender identity, your expression, and your role in society. 

While it is useful to understand these concepts, you don’t need to know and understand every single gender identity that exists. It is far more important to show respect for people's gender identities, and to validate their experiences and feelings.

What is it like to be trans?

The answer to this question varies greatly between individuals, as each person has their own lived experience and life journey. However, there are a number of common themes and challenges that many trans people may face. Here are a few insights from the experiences of a trans person:

• Self-discovery – Some people know from childhood who they are. They may begin to break traditional and expected gender roles as a child as they learn to express themselves. As a child or adolescent, they may feel trapped in what is expected of them. They may choose to tell an adult about how they feel, or they may keep quiet. As trans individuals grow, they learn more about who they are, they may question and explore their gender identity and become more confident in themselves. This can be both freeing and challenging.

• Feeling uncomfortable – Many trans individuals experience gender dysphoria, which is a profound sense of discomfort or distress related to the incongruence between their gender identity and the sex they were presumed at birth. Gender dysphoria can relate to feeling discomfort regarding parts of their body that are impacted by puberty - such as facial hair, fat distribution, bone structure, and voice – it can also relate to feeling distressed about being perceived as the gender they were presumed at birth or being referred to or treated as such. 

• Expressing yourself – When people share their LGBTQIA+ identity, people usually refer to this as ‘coming out’. Coming out can be scary, as there are likely to be mixed responses, and some trans people prefer to start by sharing their identity with those that they trust. As a trans person, letting people in can be a helpful way to allow others to support and affirm your gender, and when someone tells you about their identity, it is important to ask them how you can best support them. They may want you to call them a different name or refer to them using different pronouns or gendered terms. The trans person may have started to present differently at this stage, or you may not have noticed any changes at all – either way their identity is valid.

• Facing discrimination –Unfortunately, trans people today continue to face discrimination, some examples of which include anti-trans legislation, hostile work environments, and barriers to healthcare, housing, and other services. Trans people often feel that they cannot safely express themselves due to discrimination. A lack of inclusive policies and language in daily life can lead to discrimination against trans individuals by creating environments where they may be misgendered, excluded, or forced to use facilities that do not align with their gender identity. Inclusive policies and language, on the other hand, promote respect, support, and a sense of belonging for trans individuals, as well as increasing access to healthcare and other essential services.

• Engaging in advocacy - Many trans individuals become advocates for trans rights and awareness. Trans people can support others by working to combat discrimination, change legislation, promote understanding and education, and spread hope to others who are on a similar journey. They may be able to work or volunteer in an area that directly supports other trans individuals, or they may help in other ways such as supporting their friends and being there to talk with them.

We acknowledge that the trans experience is a complex and nuanced topic, and do not claim to speak for all trans people. Therefore, it is important to listen to the stories and experiences of trans individuals to gain a deeper understanding of what it's like to be trans.

Why is the trans perspective important?

When you want to find more information about trans issues, the needs of gender diverse people, and what gender identity and transness means to trans and GNC people – the best source is the community themselves. 

If a gender diverse person wants to share their experiences with you, either to educate you or to ask for support, it is important to actively listen and ask what support they are looking for. Some trans and GNC people, however, might not have the capacity or information to answer your questions, and some questions might be too invasive. Therefore, If you are seeking education, it may be best to look into the existing literature. You can research trans activists and literature to help you understand more about the trans experience, and our psychologists can provide you with links to these online resources.

Here are a few of our recommendations:

Activists

• Schuyler Bailar

• Jasmine Vine

• Alok Vaid-Menon

• Jeffrey Marsh

Organisations

• TransHub

• Minus18

• FOLX Health

For further support, get in touch with one of our experienced Perth psychologists today by clicking here.

Beyond Grades: The Role of Learning Assessments for Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia

As a parent, you want the best for your child's education and overall well-being.

Sometimes, you may notice that your child is facing challenges in certain areas of learning, like reading, writing, or maths. These difficulties may be signs of specific learning disorders such as Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, or Dyscalculia. It’s easy to become alarmed when this happens but you are not alone in this journey.

In this blog, we'll delve into what these learning disorders are, how they might impact your child's academic journey, and how specialised assessments, like the WIAT III and WISC-V, can help pinpoint their unique needs and strengths.

What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that primarily affects reading skills. Children with dyslexia might have difficulty decoding words, recognizing sight words, and understanding the relationship between sounds and letters. They might read slowly and struggle to comprehend what they read. This can lead to frustration and a lack of confidence in their academic abilities.

Dyslexia isn’t a reflection your child's intelligence. It simply means that their brain processes written language differently. With the right support, they can thrive and work through the challenges in the school setting.

What is Dysgraphia?

Dysgraphia is a learning disorder that affects a child's writing skills. Children with dysgraphia may find it challenging to form letters and words, maintain consistent spacing, and organise their thoughts on paper. This can make writing tasks arduous and affect their ability to express themselves effectively.

It's important to recognise that dysgraphia doesn't reflect your child's creativity or intelligence. They may have wonderful ideas but struggle to put them on paper.

What is Dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia is a learning disorder that impacts a child's math skills. Children with dyscalculia may struggle with number recognition, counting, understanding mathematical concepts, and performing calculations. Simple tasks like telling time or handling money can be daunting for them.

Dyscalculia doesn't define a child's potential in mathematics or problem-solving. With tailored support and strategies, they can develop solid math skills and boost their confidence.

The Role of Learning Assessments: WIAT III and WISC-V

When you suspect your child may be facing challenges related to dyslexia, dysgraphia or dyscalculia, seeking professional assessment is the first step toward providing appropriate support. Psychologists and educational specialists often use two valuable tools, the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Third Edition (WIAT III), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), to gain a comprehensive understanding of your child's strengths and areas of difficulty.

The WIAT III - Assessing Academic Skills

The WIAT III is specifically designed to evaluate a child's academic skills and achievements. It assesses various domains, including reading, writing, mathematics, and oral language proficiency. By comparing your child's performance with their peers, the WIAT III can identify specific learning disorders like dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia.

During the assessment, your child will engage in activities such as reading passages, writing sentences, and solving math problems. The evaluator will observe their approach to these tasks, considering factors like accuracy, speed, and comprehension. The WIAT III provides valuable insights into your child's academic progress and helps identify areas where they might need additional support.

The WISC-V - Understanding Cognitive Abilities

The WISC-V, on the other hand, focuses on evaluating a child's cognitive abilities or their thinking and reasoning skills. It helps assess various cognitive domains, such as verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual reasoning, and processing speed. These cognitive abilities play a crucial role in how your child learns and processes information.

During the WISC-V assessment, your child will participate in activities that require problem-solving, vocabulary understanding, and memory recall. This helps the evaluator gain insights into your child's intellectual strengths and weaknesses.

Combining Assessments for a Holistic Picture

By combining the results of both the WIAT III and the WISC-V, a psychologist can paint a comprehensive picture of your child's unique learning profile. This holistic approach enables the development of a personalised intervention plans tailored to their specific needs, strengths, and learning style.

As a parent, it's natural to feel concerned or anxious about the assessment process. Remember that these assessments are designed to help your child receive the support they need to thrive academically and emotionally.

Understanding dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia is the first step toward empowering your child to overcome their learning challenges. Through empathy and support, you can help them build resilience and confidence. Seeking support via assessments like the WIAT III and WISC-V provides valuable insight into your child's academic skills and cognitive abilities. Armed with this knowledge, educators, psychologists, and you, as a parent, can collaborate to create a supportive and nurturing learning environment, where your child can flourish and achieve their full potential. 

Remember, every child is unique, and with the right support and understanding, they can conquer any obstacle that comes their way. You are not alone in this journey, and together, we can help your child thrive.

Contact us today to learn more about booking a cognitive assessment or learning assessment.

ADHD: Where to Start

Have you noticed more people around you speaking about ADHD or seen ADHD related content popping up on social media? You’re not alone – ADHD seems to have come into the spotlight recently, and it’s helping more people to understand what this development disorder looks like. For some people, this has helped them to recognise that there may be a deeper reason for persistent problems that they have experienced since childhood. If you want to learn more about where to start with ADHD, this blog post will help to further your knowledge and understanding.

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a complex developmental disorder that usually begins in childhood, which sometimes can persist into adulthood. It primarily consists of persistent problems with inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness which often leads to poor performance at work, relationship issues, and low self-esteem. Hyperactivity usually reduces in adulthood and can be replaced by restlessness. Symptoms tend to decline with age.

Most people experience symptoms similar to ADHD at different points in time, but ADHD can only be diagnosed when symptoms are severe enough to cause ongoing problems across multiple areas in your life, and can be traced back to childhood.

Considering we all experience some symptoms similar to ADHD at some point, you may be wondering what ADHD feels like. People who have ADHD often experience their emotions deeply, so that they feel overwhelmed by them. This could be positive emotions like joy or excitement, or negative emotions like anger or confusion. Sometimes, these deep emotions can lead to impulsive behaviours that may cause regret later. Intense emotions and overwhelming thoughts can also make it difficult to focus on conversations or the world around you, because your mind is too loud and takes up your attention.

How ADHD Presents in Females

An important consideration when discussing the presentation of ADHD is that it can often show up differently in females. This means that women often go undiagnosed with ADHD, because the symptoms can be less obvious or socially disruptive and are therefore overlooked.

In men and boys, symptoms often include restlessness, impulsivity, fidgeting, impatience, mood swings and disruption. However, in women ADHD generally presents as inattentiveness – difficulty to focus, stay organised, remember things, listen and pay attention to details.

These symptoms can often be considered personality traits in women, so they cannot get the help that they need. This is why we believe it’s so important to educate on how ADHD presents in females.

Can ADHD be Cured?

ADHD cannot be cured or prevented, but early diagnosis and a good treatment plan can ensure that the person can manage their symptoms in a way that suits them. In many cases, symptoms can get milder as the person ages, which can help with functioning – as can understanding how to manage their individual symptoms.

How ADHD is Diagnosed

ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive ADHD assessment, where we assess for emotional, cognitive and behavioural symptoms for ADHD and provide a comprehensive report with an individualised intervention plan.

These assessments can be used for a psychologist to make an ADHD diagnosis, to enable us to provide support with a treatment plan.

The ADHD assessment is a process conducted over 4 sessions with an experienced psychologist. The psychologist will ask questions and administer questionnaires about the sufferer’s background, educational history and aptitudes and noted changes in their cognitive ability (i.e. memory, focus, concentration, distractibility) to determine if they may have ADHD or other related problems.

Psychwest has appointments available for ADHD assessments now. Book in with our team of experienced Perth psychologists here.

How Depression Affects the Brain

Depression (Major Depressive Disorder) is a common and serious mood disorder that negatively affects the way someone feels, thinks and behaves. While we all get a case of the blues or feel sad or moody from time to time, depression isn’t something that can be easily snapped out of. People with depression experience these feelings intensely, sometimes without apparent reason, for weeks, months or even years.

Why Depression Happens

Depression is a complex disease that has many possible causes, and the cause can be different for each individual. Often, there are a range of contributing factors. These can include (but are not limited to):

• Brain chemistry and biochemical factors

• Genetics and family history

• Personality

• Stress or trauma

• Illness

• Ageing

• Life changes, such as the postnatal period or pregnancy

Every person is unique, and while one of these factors may contribute to one person developing depression, it may not have the same effect on another. We all respond differently to psychological triggers.

Depression is not a sign of weakness or an issue that’s ‘all in your mind’ – it is a serious mood disorder that should be taken seriously and treated with appropriate support.

How Depression Feels

As a mood disorder, depression primarily impacts our feelings and emotions. It can feel like you are sad all of the time, which can also show up as emptiness, hopelessness or tearfulness. There are also often feelings of worthlessness, including fixation on past failures or self-blame. Feelings of apathy are common, which can result in a loss of interest in things that once interested you and social withdrawal. Irritability, frustration, reduced motivation and lack of energy or fatigue are also common with depression.

Physical changes and sensations can also be felt in the body as a result of depression. Sleep disturbances, weight changes, trouble concentrating or remembering things, slowed speech or unexplained physical problems like headaches, stomach aches and back pain are common.

Why Depression Makes You Tired

Tiredness or lack of energy are common symptoms of depression, with some severe sufferers unable to even get out of bed. As experienced psychologists, we are often asked why depression makes you tired. Neurotransmitters in your brain such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin play important roles in regulating energy levels, sleep and motivation (amongst other things), so changes in these that can come along with depression can impact your energy levels and cause fatigue.

How Depression Affects the Brain

It’s commonly said that depression is the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain, but, as above, this is only one part of the disease. It’s not as simple as one chemical being too high or another being too low.

As well as changes in the brain resulting in depression, depression can actually physically change the brain itself.

This can include changing the size of different areas of the brain by impacting the amount of grey matter. Studies have shown this in the hippocampus, which is responsible for learning and memory, and in the prefrontal cortex, which plays a part in high-level thinking and planning.

People who have major depression episodes have also shown brain inflammation, although it’s unclear whether the depression or the inflammation comes first. Uncontrolled brain inflammation can cause thinking problems, hurt or kill brain cells and prevent new brain cells from growing.

Are Depression and Anxiety Comorbid?

In Australia, one in 7 people will experience depression in their lifetime and one in 4 people will experience an anxiety disorder. The commonness of these mental health conditions begs the question of whether anxiety and depression are regularly comorbid amongst Australians, and the answer is yes.

One of the most common comorbidities with depression are anxiety disorders, and some estimates show that 60% of those with anxiety will also have symptoms of depression. Sometimes, anxiety can occur as a symptom of clinical depression, and depression can also be triggered by having an anxiety disorder.

This doesn’t mean that everyone who experiences depression will also experience anxiety, but they are experienced together by many people. 

If you are struggling with depression, the Perth psychologists at Psychwest are here to help. We provide therapies that are suitable for treating depression such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and our experienced psychologists will work with you to determine the best course of action for you as an individual. Book your appointment now.

Burnout Without Overwork: Is It Possible?

‘Burnout’ is a term that most people are familiar with nowadays, with hustle culture and demanding workplaces taking centre stage. Burnout is defined as a state of emotional, mental and often physical exhaustion brought on by extended or repeated stress. While most of us associate burnout with overworking or problems at work, it’s actually possible to reach burnout without working really long hours. You may also experience burnout related to other areas of life, such as parenting, caretaking or in romantic relationships - any situation where you feel overworked and undervalued.

Why Burnout Happens 

In some cases, a person can work a large number of hours consistently or invest a lot of time into something and remain free from burnout. In others, some people end up experiencing burnout from the same situation. What’s the difference?

Our personality traits and lifestyle factors can impact whether we experience burnout or not. Lifestyle factors could include not getting enough sleep, people-pleasing or taking on too many responsibilities, lack of work-life balance or lack of supportive relationships. Personality traits that could impact burnout include being a high-achiever, perfectionist, needing to be in control or being a pessimist.

In addition to overwork, a lack of control or lack of recognition at work can be a factor that causes burnout. Unclear expectations can have just as much effect on burnout as unrealistically high ones, or working in a chaotic environment.

How Burnout Affects Mental Health

Burnout involves feelings of exhaustion or energy depletion, resulting in feeling empty and devoid of motivation. Often, this shows up as a burnt-out person not caring anymore and feeling as though they cannot achieve any positive changes in their situation. This is in contrast to stress, where you feel as though there are too many pressures that need to be taken under control before you’ll feel okay again.

Depression and burnout share some similar symptoms; however, depression involves experiencing negative emotions with all areas of life, not just those that have been causing chronic stress.

What Burnout Does to Your Brain

It’s common knowledge that chronic stress can have both mental and physical impacts on our body. However, it can also impact our brains by thinning the grey matter in the prefrontal cortex. This weakens the area, which can have an effect on our ability to retain information and pay attention, so we’re more likely to make mistakes.

It also enlarges the amygdala, which is where our flight-or-fight response resides. This can generate more fear and anxiety, taking us back to a more primitive level.

Can Burnout Be Diagnosed?

Burnout is not a diagnosable psychological disorder, but it is something that a psychologist can help you overcome. It’s difficult to see the way out when everything feels bleak and you lack the motivation to create positive changes in your situation. This is why it’s important to seek support from someone who is trained to help you get your life back into balance and cope with your stressors.

The Midland psychologists at Psychwest can help you to overcome your burnout and get back on track today. Contact us now to book your appointment.

Does Seeing a Psychologist Help with Anxiety?

Experiencing persistent anxiety can feel scary, isolating and can negatively impact your life, however you don’t need to go through it alone. There are anxiety treatments available from professionals such as psychologists, and there are things that you can do in the comfort of your own home to cope with anxiety.

Before we dive in to the various ways you can receive support for anxiety, you may be wondering about the difference between general anxiety that everyone experiences occasionally and anxiety disorder.

What is Anxiety Disorder? 

The most common mental health disorders in Australia are currently Anxiety Disorders including Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Anxiety disorders are characterised by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational anticipation of future threats which causes impairment in functioning.

It’s normal to experience some anxiety, and in some cases, it can be helpful. For example, feeling anxious before a big presentation at work can improve your performance and make you more alert. Sometimes, feeling anxious about a situation is a sign that we care. 

Anxiety becomes a disorder when it's excessive, irrational and when it interferes with your ability to cope in daily life. Approximately 25% of Australians will experience an anxiety disorder that warrants treatment at some point within their life, so if this is you, you are not alone. You may manage to cope with your anxiety fairly well and live a normal life, but if it’s causing you significant distress then it is important to seek treatment.

Can Psychologists Help with Anxiety?

Seeing a psychologist is one of the best ways to manage or overcome an anxiety disorder. Initially, a psychologist can make the initial diagnosis of your anxiety disorder, then they can work with you to find the treatment that works best for your individual needs, as everyone is different and anxiety can affect people in different ways.

Often, a psychologist will work with you to identify the unhelpful thought patterns that are making you feel more anxious, encourage you to do activities that boost your sense of satisfaction and focus on behaviour patterns that need to be addressed to reduce anxiety.

Treatment for Anxiety

The two main treatments for anxiety are psychotherapy (which can be provided by a psychologist) and medication.

We suggest psychotherapy is undertaken before going on medication, as not everyone who is suffering from anxiety requires medication. Sometimes, therapy can resolve the issue or reduce your anxiety to a manageable state where it is not affecting your ability to cope or causing you significant distress.

In therapy, a psychologist can work with you to reduce your anxiety symptoms. One of the anxiety treatments used by psychologists, including at Psychwest, is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). CBT is an effective therapeutic approach for anxiety as it involves challenging the irrational and negative thoughts that often lead to distress or unwanted, dysfunctional behaviours. These negative automatic thought patterns can be disrupted and replaced with more helpful ways of thinking, which can assist you to learn better ways of coping and relieve your mental health symptoms.

Sometimes, a combination of psychotherapy and medication is required to alleviate anxiety symptoms and help you to live a normal life. Psychologists cannot prescribe medication – this will usually be prescribed by your GP in Australia.

At Home Coping Mechanisms for Anxiety

If you are waiting to see a psychologist and looking for a way to cope with your anxiety symptoms prior to your sessions, try one or more of these strategies:

• Slow, deep breathing

• Progressive muscle relaxation

• Bring yourself back to the present moment with mindfulness or grounding techniques

• Plan worry time

• Practice self-compassion

If you’re looking for an anxiety therapist in Perth, our Midland psychologists at Psychwest are here to help. Get in touch now so that we can find the best psychologist for your needs.

Students and Mental health

As the new school year approaches, students are preparing themselves for another year of focus and study.

The relationship between academic stress and mental health is a well-researched topic. Research shows that academic stress can lead to lower wellbeing, anxiety and depression. Students experiencing academic stress tend to do poorly in school.

The desire to achieve high grades and being in a difficult educational environment can lead to increased levels of academic stress for some.

Additionally, for those with pre-existing mental health conditions, the academic stress can be a trigger for worsening of symptoms.

Student life exposes adolescents to risk factors for poor mental health including: periods of transition, loss of previous years supports, parental pressure, peer pressure, substance use, pressure to perform, long hours of study, bullying and social conflict and more.

Student Mental Health Statistics Australia

From the Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing 2013–14 (Young Minds Matter) (Lawrence et al. 2015) it is estimated that, in the 12 months before the survey 560,000 children and adolescents aged 4–17 (14%) experienced a mental disorder.

From the 2021 NSMHWB (ABS 2022a) it is estimated that 40% of 16–24-year-olds were most likely to have experienced symptoms of a mental disorder in the previous 12 months.

Signs a Student May be Struggling

• Low attendance in classes

• Withdrawal from social activities

• Lower grades then expected

• Changes in behaviour

• Increased conflict with peers

• Physical signs of fatigue

• Withdrawn or low mood

• Agitation or other signs of anxiety

• Expressing a lot of worries that don’t respond to reassurance

Strategies to Support Student Mental Health for Parents

• Help your child identify their emotions and model empathy

• Support your child to manage stress and anxiety

• Provide a safe place for them to talk to you without judgement or fear of discipline (Ask open ended questions and use reflective listening)

• Focus on your child’s strengths to improve confidence

• Provide opportunity for fun

• Provide opportunity for exercise and physical health

• Involve yourself with the school, engage with the child’s teachers

• Model healthy coping mechanisms for stress including going for walks and deep breathing exercises

• Gain support through external sources

Strategies to Support Student Mental Health for Schools

• Keep open ended communication with parents

• Provide a safe and secure learning environment

• Model stress management exercises

• Incorporate stress management into the curriculum

• Provide opportunity for physical exercise

• Keep an updated website with resources for mental health

• Engage with a mental health expert

• Have a wellness centre on campus with access to mental health support and safe spaces

• Give basic mental health training to all teachers

If you are concerned about your student or child’s mental wellbeing:

• Book an appointment with your General Practitioner

• Visit Headspace.com.au

• Make a booking with a Psychologist at PsychWest

How to Help Someone With PTSD

What is Post traumatic stress disorder?

PTSD is a response to a situation that evoked an extreme amount of fear. It often occurs after someone is involved in or witnessed an event that had the potential to or did cause psychological or physical harm or death. Some examples may include a natural disaster, accident, act of violence, sexual assault, terrorist acts, act of war, bullying or intimate partner violence/abuse.

People with PTSD experience persistent disturbing thoughts related to the traumatic experience, long after the experience has ended. They may experience intense nightmares or flashbacks, have mood disturbance/anxiety and withdraw socially.  Not everyone develops PTSD after a traumatic event. It is common to experience these symptoms for days after a traumatic event for most people, however to be diagnosed with PTSD the symptoms must be present for at least a month after the event. For some people the symptoms can persist for years, or a lifetime.

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

People may experience some or all of the following symptoms with PTSD:

• Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event

• Recurrent and distressing dreams of the traumatic event

• Flashbacks and dissociation

• Intense psychological distress as a result of exposure to cues that remind the person of the traumatic event

• Marked physiological reactions that resemble an aspect of the traumatic event

• Avoidance or efforts made to avoid triggers or reminders

• Mood disturbance that is triggered by or worsens after the event

• Alterations in memory – difficulty remembering certain aspects of the event

• Changes in beliefs about oneself or the world eg. “the world is a dangerous place”

• Diminished interest in social engagement, or feelings of detachment

• Persistent inability to experience positive emotions

• Irritability, anger

• Reckless or self-destructive behaviour

• Hypervigilance

• Exaggerated startle response

• Problems with concentration

• Sleep disturbance

PTSD Treatments

PTSD can be treated effectively. Evidenced based treatments include

• Medication such as SSRI’S

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

• Prolonged exposure therapy

• Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)

How can I help someone with PTSD?

What you can say to someone experiencing PTSD

Whether your loved one has a confirmed diagnosis of PTSD or you suspect they may, there are some things you can say that are helpful, and things that are unhelpful.

Avoid shaming, blaming, guilt tripping the person or offering solutions. For example:
“Get over it”
“Cheer up, life’s not that bad”
“Try to think positive thoughts”
“You just have to try harder to feel better.”

These types of responses are unhelpful and damaging. Instead offer gentle support, empathy and attempts to understand.

For example:
“I’m sorry you are feeling bad, in what way can I help?”
“I am here if you need to talk, or if you would like some company anytime.”
“I can see you are struggling, that must be really hard.”
“What do you think you need right now in order to begin to heal?”

What you can do for someone experiencing PTSD

Fatigue and lack of motivation are common symptoms of PTSD due to mood disturbance and poor sleep, and completing daily tasks can be difficult. You can offer to complete some household chores for the person, cook a meal, babysit the kids and complete some life admin tasks for the loved one. If the person has not visited a health professional, you could offer to book a GP appointment and escort them.

 You can also provide some helpful websites or phone numbers, and research potential mental health professionals in the area for them. Psychwest can offer support for individuals struggling from PTSD. Contact us today to find out more or book an appointment.

How to help someone with PTSD who doesn’t want help

It can sometimes be difficult and scary for someone to come to the realisation that they need help. It can take some time until they come round to the idea that they may need additional support.

You may feel powerless in a situation where a loved one is suffering.

Here’s what you can do:

• Get your own support

• Reach out to your own support system (friends or family)

• Book a counselling session 

Be available to the sufferer, continue to offer gentle support (don’t avoid them), but don’t put pressure or force the person to get help.

If you suspect the person may be suicidal then access a service like Lifeline or Beyond Blue, as they also provide support and advice in this instance.

If you suspect that the person is at immediate risk of harming themselves, then seek help immediately by calling 000.

COVID and Mental Health

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and continues to impact, mental health and wellbeing. Not only from the stressors associated with adjusting to a worldwide pandemic over the last few years, but also the impact that contracting the disease has had on people’s physical and post COVID mental health.

For example, research has found that COVID-19 has:

• Exacerbated pre-existing mental health conditions in some individuals 

• Increased incidence of both depression and anxiety since 2020 worldwide

• Higher risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19 for people living with mental disorders

(WHO, 2022)

Psychologists are now mindful of these impacts and take them into consideration when seeing new clients. We consider how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced or impacted upon their current mental health concerns.

It is normal and common to experience stress, worry and grief in regards to the pandemic, but it’s important to remain vigilant to emerging symptoms in regards to a recent bout of COVID, or those that are stress related due to the pandemic.

COVID Mental Health Support

Here are some things to consider in regards to your own mental health and COVID-19:

• Have you had a recent infection of COVID—19? If so, could this be causing some of your symptoms such as fatigue, restlessness, irritability, insomnia or low motivation?

• Have you experienced an increase in stress due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic?

• Does the onset of your mental health symptomology correlate with the onset of a COVID-19 infection?

If COVID-19 has been found to potentially have an impact on your mental wellbeing, this would need to be considered when deciding on what intervention may be helpful for you. A trip to the GP for a check-up and to rule out long COVID may also be necessary.   

Coping with Pandemic Stress

If you’re struggling with stress related to the pandemic, incorporate one or more of these strategies:

• Take breaks from news stories and social media

• Take care of your body: focus on nutrition, exercise and be sure to be up to date with your health checks

• Take time to relax and rest, and make this a priority

• Connect with others. Talk to people you trust about your concerns

• Reach out for professional help if you feel like you cannot cope. Some resources are listed below.

COVID-19 Resources

• Lifeline COVID-19 Resources

• Headspace COVID-19 Resources

For more information on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Australia follow this link.

If you’re struggling with your mental health as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, book a session with one of our experienced Perth psychologists today.

ADHD Assessment - What to Expect

Have you booked in for an adult ADHD assessment with a Psychologist and have no idea what to expect? This blog will answer some of the most common questions that people have before their ADHD assessment.

Why does it take four sessions to assess for ADHD?

Recently, the AADPA released the first ever evidence based clinical practice guidelines for ADHD, where they recommend a minimum of four hours of interviewing in order to make a thorough assessment of ADHD. ADHD is a complex disorder that requires time spent with the client in order to assess appropriately.

What can I expect during the sessions?

For the first session, your Psychologist will ask you a series of questions in order to gather a detailed history of your childhood, development, medical, family/genetic, upbringing and mental health.

They will then provide you with a take home questionnaire: one for you to fill out and another for an observer (usually a spouse, partner, or family member you reside with).

They will also complete a structured interview based on the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD, specifically focused on the symptoms of ADHD. This can often take two sessions in itself.

They may administer some screener questionaries for other disorders including autism, anxiety and depression, as these are often co-morbid with ADHD.

What is my Psychologist looking for?

Your Psychologist will be looking for evidence towards all of the criteria needed to confirm the presence of ADHD. This includes evidence that the symptoms were present from early childhood.

They will be looking for symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/restlessness and impulsivity. They will be looking at the impact and any impairment caused by these symptoms and how long they have been present. They will also consider if these symptoms are caused by another condition or not.

Why do I need to get observer information?

In order to gain a thorough understanding of your difficulties, collateral information from someone who knows you well is needed. These people often observe outwards signs of ADHD including restlessness, disorganisation and hyperactivity and can provide valuable information.

What will I need to provide?

Your psychologist will often ask for some primary and high school reports and completed questionnaires.

Can a Psychologist prescribe medication?

No, Psychologists are not medical doctors. If you are interested in pursuing medication as a treatment option for ADHD, then you will need to book an appointment with a Psychiatrist. Your Psychologist will provide the diagnostic report to the Psychiatrist to aid in this process.

To find out more about the specific packages we offer here at Psychwest, follow this link.

What Mental Health Disorders Are There?

What is a mental health disorder?

A mental health disorder is a wide range of conditions that affect mood/emotions, thinking or behaviour to a significant clinical level.

How common are mental health disorders?

According to the National Health Survey 2021 (ABS) around 1 in 5 Australian adults experience a mental illness every year. Around 45% of Australian adults will experience some type of mental illness at some point in their life.

Most Commonly Diagnosed Mental Disorders in Australia

Anxiety Disorders

The most common mental health disorders in Australia are currently Anxiety Disorders including Panic disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalised anxiety disorder, PTSD, Social Anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Anxiety disorders are characterised by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational anticipation of future threats which causes impairment in functioning.

Some common symptoms of anxiety disorders include:

• Restlessness

• Irritability

• Fatigue

• Increased heart rate

• Difficulty relaxing

• Chest pain

• Worry

Affective Disorders (or Mood Disorders)

The second most common cluster of mental disorders in Australia are affective or mood disorders. These include Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, Seasonal affective disorder and Bi-polar disorder. A mood disorder is characterised by a distorted emotional state that impacts on daily functioning.

Common symptoms include:

• Low, empty or irritable mood (times of euphoria if Bi-polar)

• Insomnia

• Fatigue

• Loss of pleasure

• Weight changes

• Suicidal ideation

Substance Use Disorders

This is the third most common type of mental disorder in Australia. It is a stand-alone disorder with a continuum from mild to severe and encompasses any/all types of substances including alcohol. It is characterised by the persistent use of drugs/alcohol despite harm and adverse consequences.

Symptoms include:

• Dependence

• Withdrawal

• Cravings

• Tolerance

• Impaired functioning

Other Mental Health Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of early brain development characterised by difficulties with cognition, learning, behaviour, communication and more. Some examples are Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and dyslexia. Symptoms are present from early childhood and are wide and varied.

Psychotic Disorders

These are characterised by abnormal patterns of thinking and perception or a disconnection from reality. Some examples include Schizophrenia, Delusional disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Common symptoms include hallucinations and/or delusions.

Feeding and Eating Disorders

These are mental health conditions that involve a complex and problematic relationship with food, exercise, eating and/or body image. For example, Binge eating disorder, Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa. Some common symptoms include fixation on food, alterations in weight, preoccupation with body image, disruption in eating patterns, mood fluctuations, social withdrawal, behaviours that lead to weight loss.

Personality Disorders

These are characterised by rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking, functioning and behaving. Some examples include Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial personality disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Symptoms vary widely but commonly cause significant problems and limitations in relationships, social activities, work and school.

Please note: this list is not exhaustive. If you are concerned about some of your own mental health symptoms, you can reach out to a Psychologist at Psychwest to discuss.

What is Autism?

Autism: Where to Start

Autism is a developmental condition that originates in childhood and is likely to continue into adulthood. Autism begins before the age of three and occurs in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. It is more common, however, in males.

Little is known about the cause of autism, but some factors have been identified that may make a child more likely to develop autism. These are environmental, biological and genetic.

Autism is characterised by a number of behaviours and differences. People with autism may behave, communicate/interact with others and learn in ways that are different to most people. They have difficulties in the areas of language/communication, social awareness, monotropic mindset, information processing, sensory processing, repetitive behaviours and neuro-motor differences.

Common Symptoms of Autism Include

Social Communication and Interaction Skills

Some common signs or symptoms in the area of social communication and interaction skills include:

• Avoids or does not keep eye contact

• Does not respond to name by 9 months of age

• Lack of facial expressions by 9 months of age

• Does not share interests with others by 15 months of age

• Does not notice others are hurt or upset by 24 months of age

• Does not join in with play with other children by 36 months of age

• Does not role play by 48 months of age

• Children with autism can become non-verbal, or they can be fully verbal.

As older children and adults, it can look like:

• Difficulty engaging with and maintaining friendships/relationships

• Difficulty communicating in social contexts

• Differences with pragmatics (appropriate use of language)

• Prosody (rhythm) of speech

• Difficulty assimilating or adapting to changing environments

Restricted or Repetitive Behaviours or Interests

This can look like:

• Lining up toys or other objects

• Repeating words/phrases over and over

• Playing with toys the same way every time

• Can become upset by changes in routine

• Has obsessive interests

• Hand flapping/body rocking or spinning

• Sensitive to certain smells, touch, tastes or sounds

Other Characteristics

• Delayed language skills

• Delayed movement skills

• Delayed learning or cognitive skills

• Hyperactive/impulsive or inattentive behaviour

• Epilepsy or seizure disorder

• Unusual eating or sleeping habits

• Gastrointestinal issues

• Unusual mood or emotional reactions

• Excessive anxiety and worry

• Lack of fear or more fear than expected

• Effects on body control and movement eg. clumsiness

Why Autism is a Spectrum

The spectrum does not equate to the severity of the condition, which is a common misconception. The spectrum relates to the diverse range (spectrum) of related neurological conditions or abilities. The abilities of people with autism can vary significantly. Some autistic people require more support than others to live their daily lives. Every autistic person presents differently. The saying “if you have met one autistic person, you have met them all” does not stand for this condition. For example, all autistic people will have some type of difficulty with social/communication AND restricted/repetitive behaviours or interests, but to different and varying degrees.

How Autism Affects Daily Life

Autism can affect people’s daily life in different ways - it really depends on the individual and what they have difficulties with. One person could be non-verbal and another person could have an intellectual disability. Some people with autism will never be able to live independently while others can live an independent lifestyle.

How Autism is Diagnosed

In order for someone to be considered autistic, they must have difficulty in multiple categories spanning the spectrum. There is no medical or blood test that can be administered to make a diagnosis. Clinicians (GP’s, Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Paediatricians) look at the child’s (or adult’s) full developmental history and behaviour to make a diagnosis. It often involves more than one specialist, some standardised assessments, behavioural observations and comprehensive interviews.

Difference Not a Deficit

In recent times, the viewpoint that autism is a deficit or disability has been criticised. Many experts are encouraging society to embrace autism as a difference, whilst at the same not underestimating the difficulties this group that experience. The acceptance of difference can go a long way to improving the lived experience of those with autism.

If You Are Concerned

Lachlan at PsychWest is available to assess for and diagnose autism in all ages. Click here to learn more about the assessment packages at PsychWest.